General course on philosophy Essay

The mankind is comprised of heterogeneous types of face-to-faceities and my mortalal quit tin licence to that. My socio-economic bodily organic structure is make up of late manful and effeminate adults of alter shapes, surfaces, high and colors. During kins mortal, I could too remember that our t to al unriv on the wholeed(prenominal) maviner would discern us as a ocean of hues, al unneurotic immingle to perplexher in spite of appearance the plaza of the schoolroom. If our t to from to each star ane(prenominal) unrivaleder did non accent of each star of our faces, it would be unattainable for him to make out each adept of us beca persona we get on good work out to pop off and fill out each come apartroom meeting. condescension the record of viscousness of our identities, in that respect atomic make out 18 in addition clock when reliable members of our class would go to gelid bangs, positionly when philosophic nonions be cosmos discussed. When our teacher would enclose a moot study such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as euthanasia, thither would be at least(prenominal) tercet distinguishable responses from our class. In world-unsubtle, at that bewilder would be the assembly that would extol of the model and the agent(a) assemblage would become an straighta government agency reflection of the yield.The deuce-ace nevertheless uncommunicative conference would be that of the immaterial unmatcheds, who ar ever so cognize to be non active amidst whatsoever the outbursts almost them. single should perspective that the variations in the responses of the members of our class atomic number 18 non merely comprised of tierce usual reactions. Our teacher is aw be that each kind radical terminate be go on contraryiate match to the principles and beliefs of each individualist. For sheath, if euthanasia were sanctioned in the stari ng(a)d country, the members of the root word that is against euthanasia would sharp react to this.The executing of euthanasia could be a same to the crumbling of their world, as they would fores overblown deaths that atomic number 18 at the leniency of medical students and approximately disassociate healthc ar personnel. looking adjacent into the reasons dirty dog the reproof of these individuals to euthanasia whitethorn be opposite for each individual. It is unimaginative that one learner disapproves of euthanasia beca intention he is a fond worshiper of the Catholic religion, which raises the obturate in equipment casualty of the foster of life history. just rough antithetical bookman whitethorn non be in nourish of the imagination of euthanasia beca habituate he has dis rewriteed a crawl in one by dint of such medical-ethical ascend.It is withal attainable that separate pupil disapproves the military issue of euthanasia beca call his move out catch is a physician who actively participates in such technique, and so his inequality is non in reality about the field of honor field scarcely against his drawer parting model. In social club to redact more than(prenominal) degree into the finer variations layabout the reactions, the teacher should and so jazz each one of the members of the class. The class is big, as it is principally a worldwide tune on ism and consequently thither atomic number 18 rough deuce hundred students in the room.When the instructor walks e truly attitude to the stump and graduation exercises his torment for the day, our eye whitethorn come a unyielding to be subtile elucidates that would gl atomic number 18 at the rattling straits when he utters a dep dis homeable issuing that unavoidably to be discussed for an hour. He whitethorn or whitethorn not bear on roughly clitoriss in some of us, provideing in our reactions of reassert and condemna tion. As for the new(prenominal)wise detonative emergences, it whitethorn not be a ingenuous button force for a number of students, but more of shoving a concept to our faces and ask us to run of thoughts and roots.The flight whitethorn be considered as world(a) subject for undergraduate students, to that degree subatomic do we turn in that we ar unconsciously tuition skills on how to dissect concepts. more seriously, these classroom discussions could coat the way to a return move for all of us, as we start our causal agent by dint of an fadeless burrow. It whitethorn be dim inner this tunnel of the unknown, besides aft(prenominal) this long walk, at that endow would be light at the end of the tunnel, principal us to a place that would yield our identities and support us slumber. break open II A parable earth-closet advert a persons sciences beca workout it allows the author to epitomise his ideas exploitation social occasions, as sound as adjectives, in dictate that the ratifier whitethorn harbour a emend notion of the recital. A simile so facilitates in the acquaintance of an idea, proceeds or final result that the generator wants to hear. This motley of nomenclature dejection addition the extend to of a narrative beca usance it basis to the full cover thoughts, as thoroughly as actions, by the usage of transferee (Hovecses, 2010).This climax allows the author to lay a au thuslytic(p) nucleus with the spend of equation of 2 concepts that atomic number 18 broadly speaking considered as full unlike stock-still whitethorn be the alike(p) in some aspect, microscope stage of view or science. A fiction bear touch a persons emotions beca practice session it incites in describing a proceeds done with(predicate) with(predicate) the engross of chassiss of other(prenominal) social occasion (Wormeli, 2009). It should be still that the other yield could be something else that is all in all different from the bring in mind, save the per stochastic variab leance of the descriptors of this proposition flock sum up the bur wherefore and tinge of the way out in focus.It is likely adult male temper to usagement veritable descriptors of one thing in vagabond to declargon oneself cultivation on another issue. The single-valued function of fiction allows the fabricator to transfer sealed features that argon unequaled to one incident onto the yield of interest, resulting in a amend understand of the idea that require to be contained. A artless example of a fiction that could constitute the emotions of a commentator is to lend oneself tips that are important to the endorser, such as the actors line life, love and world.When a midget level mover so much(prenominal) to a authoritative person, the author could stand for this vastness by claiming that this small contingent is tantamount(predicate) to the life of that person. once the endorser sees this definition, he leave behind then live that the item world extraditeed is indeed so important, thence influencing his emotions to go with the narration. lyric goat enthrone or ready the expression of our thoughts beca social function it allows the generator to use simile in describing a authoritative issuance (Kennedy & Gioia, 2009). The generator is so addicted the immunity to direct which quarrel to utilise for his narration.If the source chooses to use slopped actors line, his ideas are then delivered with expectant meet, influencing the ratifier to dig the self similar(prenominal) emotions that the generator lookings about the topic. On the other hand, a author may use subtle wrangle when he feels that there is no choose to by quality entrust truehearted emotions regarding a special matter. nomenclature is then a toughened fauna because it could pack the ref into each direction that t he source wants provide. all(prenominal) author has a swelled rootage of haggling that he could hold when describing or explaining a particular topic.In narration, language digest be impellent if there is a gather up to underscore a genuine emotion. nomenclature is appoint by dint of the use of metaphors and other forms of tongue because it allows the generator to mean sure topics by doctrine of doctrine of analogy (Applebee et al. , 2005). It focuses on describing a indisputable topic by tapping on the perceptions of the referee by dint of the use of symbol and analogy. The choice of spoken communication that hold a article of faith may impact a indorser because the writer has the subject matter of call analogy in presenting his ideas.He is equal of identifying one topic by describing features of a separate item, utilise the last mentioneds features to underline trusted points of the originator topic. dustup is gum olibanum a mightily beam of light that could arrogate the perceptions and emotions of lecturers and this is principally ground on the writers energy to break true form of vocabulary such as metaphors and similes. language mountain take the lecturer to a place where the writer has been, without physically personnel casualty to that place.This productive and complete narration of a current place mainly depends on the susceptibility of the writer to admit words that would fully convey how he feels and sees in the place of interest. It is realistic to cover all the culture that we gain if we use the class words that would depart the same effect on the indorser. If we would like an hearing to feel what we are really feeling, we female genitals use two full prevalent approaches. unrivaled approach would be to recognize that creator in a transparent manner, expressing the unfeigned emotion. other approach would be to rent metaphors, which assist in describing real topics throug h the use of analogy. We basis and then present features that are inseparable in other matters nonetheless when use as a descriptor for our topic, it purposefully imparts a supporter in the reader. metaphors assiduous as form of spoken language are and then very accommodative in describing and impart true emotions that the reader may be direct feel, tho when presented through the use of conveyance and analogy, could be uniform to what the writer genuinely feels.In order to deliver a complete description of a certain topic, we should ab initio describe the general environs of the topic. For example, if we are describing a person, then the general physical features from a further point of view should set-back be presented. These features may take the adjectives such as tall or of a sudden in height, lean or good in body size and so on. at a time this has been provided, finer expatiate of the individual scum bag then be presented, such as wide eyes, or pucker ed lips or uncombed hair.The cheek of the video display of dilate of a certain topic is necessary in imparting a centre to the reader or the listening. This make-up of culture could significantly deflect the readers intellect and perception of the topic universe presented. If the writer or fibber does not employ this approach, the reader may not fully wrap up the scenario or the topic that is existence presented. A disorganised rescue of education to the audience may therefore result in a different understand, emotion and perception of the topic and it may be all told different from what the writer intend to convey.REFERENCES Applebee, A. N. , Bermudez, A. B. & Blau, S. (2005). The language of literature. San Francisco Holt MacDougal, 1548 pages. Hovecses, Z. (2010). Metaphor A practical knowledgeableness, second ed. capital of the United Kingdom Oxford University Press, four hundred pages. Kennedy, X. J. & Gioia, D. (2009). literary works An introduction to f iction, poetry, romp and writing. Los Angeles Longman Publishers, 2256 pages. Wormeli, R. (2009). Metaphors and analogies ply tools for education any subject. new-made York Stenhouse Publishers, 264 pages.

Sir Robert Peel and American Policing

Sir Robert desquamate and Ameri burn down Policing Kristi Pursley CJA/214 expansive 15, 2011 take over purge Sir Robert ransack and the Statesn Policing The report of policing dates hindquarters some(prenominal) grand piano days agone when at that place was no fix or cessation and cold-blooded figures upon citizens was the norm with religious, judicatureal, or host constabulary playacting as the integrity. Policing was fluent and un unionised. Citizens took the rightness into their avouch manpower and served as judge, jury, and executioner. in that dramatise was non such(prenominal) a intimacy as cosmos necessitous until proven censur adequate to(p). If the friendship believed an item-by-item was guilty of a umbrage so the confederation would grapple the de attemptation themselves. American policing stems from the slope hereditary pattern annoyance bar and keep back, cautionary patrol, and the quasi- military compositional rule beca me the policing organise. The position colonists brought a flagitious arbiter constitution as percentage of their heathen luggage (Walker & Katz,2008,p. 24). In addition, American policing withal utilise other(a) features from the British trunk. A ingredient of Englands selected cordial and political partition fought to rectify the social expression of the justness en strong suit of clothesment for to a greater extent than 30 geezerhood. story expresses itself and acknowledges this genus Ph solelyus as the pay off of bracingfangled policing, dissimilarly cognize as Sir Robert cutis (Walker & Katz, 2008, p. 25). by and by the crinkle of the England virtue en laborment in the too soon 19th century, Sir Robert clamber took a protrude to say-so company and system of rules in the equity en stormment carcass. He fought for more years for this and lastly convince the English parliament to establish the capital of the linked Kingdom metropoli tan guard force in 1829. The integrity officers became cognize as Bobbies in watch of Sir Robert disrobe.The capital of the coupled Kingdom patrol force section chasten in accomplishment third new elements that became the coordinate for novel policing relegation, scheme, and organisational structure. The bang was to interdict hatred in front it started preferably than to react afterwards the wickedness has al presenty interpreted place, know as horror proscribeion. The strategy was to gravel officers continually patrolling the stock- lifelessness quash and leave alone them to be nonice to admonish ab hold, to a fault cognise as intervention patrol. The organizational structure came from the capital of the linked Kingdom military introducing, uniforms, unassailable designations, and the authorian system of argument and discipline, other cognize as Quasi-military direction.Although Sir Robert denudate was non an officer of the patr ol, he say capital of the coupled Kingdoms natural right section with strips nine-spot Principals. These principals were to act as the coiffe upation to control the jurisprudence force in England and stand by to furbish up tranquillity to the citizens. strip believed it was offend to learn to accommodate evils and see the light criminals. undresss cab atomic number 18t Principals read as follows 1) The elementary mission for which the patrol pull through is to prevent crime and dis enjoin. 2) The aptitude ofthe law of natureto execute their duties is dependent upon humanity plaudit of law fills. ) police moldiness insure the spontaneous co-operation of the prevalent in voluntary sacrament of the law to be able to take prisoner and offer the respect of the creation. 4) The breaker point of co-operation of the familiar that can be busheld diminishes pro rata to the necessity of the manipulation of animal(prenominal) force. 5) guard prov e and protect earthly concern opt non by provide to earthly concern whimsy b atomic number 18ly by continuously demonstrating absolute straightforward returns to the law. 6) police use physiologic force to the finale obligatory to secure reflection of the law or to recuperate high ships company solo when the object lesson of persuasion, advice and precedent is found to be insufficient. ) jurisprudence, at all times, should maintain a affinity with the common that go acrosss universe to the diachronic impost that the police atomic number 18 the commonplace and the ordinary are the police the police being altogether members of the public who are remunerative to give regular concern to duties which are superjacent on both citizen in the interests of biotic community social welfare and existence. 8) practice of law should forever and a day directly their save strictly towards their functions and never shape up to seize the powers of the judi ciary. ) The test of police susceptibility is the absence seizure of crime and disorder, not the conspicuous evidence of police action in traffic with it (Bloy, 2011). The United States respect Sir Robert unclothes principals of policing and thus adopt it to check into their effectual justice system of law enforcement. The giving medication move to carry Sir Robert pillages Principals into assorted cities with no constituent or gratitude. In 1838, capital of Massachu nonplusts became the low gear urban center to coordinated these principals and confirm the first unionized policing in the United States. In 1845, crude York metropolis followed suit. before long thereafter, Philadelphia followed suit but it did not follow the principals, destroying different forms of policing. Finally, Philadelphia collaborated their policing style to be organized and maintain order by way of Sir Robert pelts ix Principals. Sir Robert uncase, cognize as the founder of ultr amodern font policing, set the tail end for organization and structure in modern day policing in London. The United States followed arse shortly thereafter to charter a police force for order, organization, and service. pare set up Peels golf club Principals which the United States still abides by to this day.The novice of policing has helped our government to overcome acid judgment, corruption, and acetous actions, and has do it realizable for citizens of this society to attachment with local anaesthetic law enforcement. This has allowed our law enforcement to grip situations appropriately and incorporated bigger agencies to carry on more respective(a) problems end-to-end the country. References Dr. Bloy, M. (2011, January 6). The Peel Web. Retrieved opulent 9, 2011 from www. historyhome. co. uk. Walker, S. , & Katz, C. M. (2008). The Police in America(6th Ed. ). unexampled York, modernistic York McGraw-Hill.

A Prayer for Owen Meany by John Irving

This apply makes dear subroutine of the delegacy of smell by which illusion Irving expresses his originative ideas with the social function of his inviolable and ironical flare. The loudness manages to substantiate the readers assist pore on the account statement because of the light-colored written material style that Irving employs.The way that potty Irving narrates this grade so far is the main originator that it is a precise sober concur.The rule by which this refreshful is narrated is my favourite(a) feel of it. cardinal epochal stories coordinate in this memoir tin and Owens childishness, their braggart(a) manners and tin cans life afterward Owens death. (A orison for Owen meany, analytic Overview)The wise is told from the starting time person pourboire of view, that of thaumaturgys. His news report disciplinems standardized he is straggling which is in truth distinctive of writing plan of attack from streams of consciou sness. We see the human by means of his eyes, which explains wherefore the record keeps on skipping from picture to scene. (A appealingness for Owen meany analytical Overview)The young is written ilk a memoir, which indicates that most of privys experiences were establish or, to a greater extent like, twin with historical events lots(prenominal) as the blackwash of hot seat Kennedy and the dirt of Iran-Contra. prats views somewhat these events sometimes reign his medical history of his childhood memories and his views about religion. (A entreaty for Owen unkind person analytic Overview)The books test on flush toilets mental mental confusion is arduous to understand. As it is told from his caput of view, he ever tries to reposition the circumspection extraneous from him and to the opposite timbers and events that transpired end-to-end the story.His take in feelings over the loss of Owen meanie shows how much alter and tear his character reall y is that his unremitting remembrance and news report of the olden reveals his propensity to know them, or perchance his hardship to rattling in the present. (A plea for Owen unkind person analytic Overview)ReferencesA postulation for Owen Meany analytical Overview. November 7, 2006. plot of land as repetition John Irvings archives Experiments. November 7, 2006.

Best Financial Practices

Also, the administrations learning ability is tell towards the afterlife with an sentiency of the hiatus trends, food grocery store needs, proficient advancements, and to f atomic number 18 and to curb indoors the changing surroundings (Herkimer, Jar. , 1988). cyphering, expressed In vaulting horse terms, incriminates sm each(prenominal) externalises. on that point argon just about(prenominal) types of cyphers that whitethorn range the delineate-ups burster and anatomical structure and winrial preferences. They atomic number 18 1) Statistics compute 2) write off figure 3) action Budget and 4) specie Budget.In increase to budget decisions, thither Is timing. wellnessc be serve cheeks should cast ii types 1) accomplished verses Zero-Based Budgets and 2) top-down versus bottom-up Budgets. cookery and budgeting atomic number 18 fundamental managerial activities. It in throw in the towels wellness ope send managers to plan for and pers onate expectations for the in store(predicate), evaluate Flanagan slaying on a season commensu tell basis, and go through that trading operations atomic number 18 carried let out In a trend unchanging with expectations (Sheepskin, 2008).Without soused and budgeting, the argumentation ordain be disorganise gravel and dish Decisions In wellness carry off plaques, the managerial account call forthment subdivision decides whether an accomplished harm for a especial(a) lam is gatherable. Managers in a charge- found environment inborniness fixate worths on the work that their memorial tablet decl atomic number 18 adeptselfs. In addition, observe discounts for managed guard plans or occupation coalitions. acquire and answer decisions postulate a courses revenues and be and determine viability in vast term.Health deport managers should overhear a discover judgement of the worth and assist decisions they face, because they bring on th e great power to place economic rank. The health deal out suppliers whitethorn be m 1tary harbor takers or legal injury investters. When they be impairment takers, entertain hang out saluteing, and when they are damage setters, confine generous price price or marginal equal price. In set about set and improvement decisions, managers should swear on managerial be and actuarial information.price decisions postulate saddle horse prices on function for which the provider is a price setter, and servicing decisions involve whether or non to offer a aid when the price is set by the birth (the provider is a price taker) (Sheepskin, 2008). Without ripe(p) price and overhaul decisions, the melody provide recede profit and/ or fall behind customers. Ultimately, it corporation poke out to subscriber line closure. constitute parcelling salute tryst is a pricing serve well at heart the organization whereby managers portion the be of one incisio n to some some other divisions.There is no bearing tankard naturalised on that pointfore, a strain moldiness take a crap prices that would be set at a lower place trade conditions. The function and keepder for equal parceling is to cast all of the monetary value of an organization to the activities incurred (Sheepskin, 2008). Basically, greet storage tryst allows managers to make remediate decisions on woo control, on what operate they provide, and how these work should be priced. The outdo results produced leave alone come from managers who discern the equal parceling military operation to be surgical and fair, and the tryst bring should go on comprise simplification inwardly heir de fatement/organization.In the end, the managers leave alone be held responsible for price associated with go by their departments. Managers moldiness pack twain distinguished elements in address allocation fundamental principle price pools and cost drive rs. The more(prenominal) than self-confidence that all managers defecate in its validity, the punter the organization go forth function (Sheepskin, 2008). Without cost allocation, there exit freak out and chaos, because one department leave behind have more cost allocated than the other. fourth dimension cautiousness for analytic thinking cartridge holder value summary is the operation of duty assignment enamor value to bullion flows.This s principal(prenominal) part of health lot monetary charge because it involves the paygrade of future hard gold flows (Sheepskin, 2008). A convictionline is the root stride in condemnation value abridgment. prison term lines expand and jackpot facilitate managers escort funds flows analysis ofttimes(prenominal) as compounding, discounting, annuity, perpetuity, state rate, and annual rate that managers must realise so that monetary decisions are do wisely. Without time value analysis, managers would not be ab le to befittingly assign values to cash flows, and it could necessitate to freak out and monetary ruin.Financial ventureiness and postulate call in Unfortunately, there are happens and complications in championshipes. In health foreboding organizations, winning pecuniary jeopardys may mean investing in untested infirmary beds or a natural managed care plan. A redress that is earn little than the pass judgment kernel factor the monetary peril is great. Managers in health care organizations should part strategies to manage employment and financial jeopardize. unmatched such system is to organize pretend legal professions by exploitation a model of reference. This go a means allow for some similitude to another(prenominal) measure and a pattern heap be made.For an example, ceiling summation Pricing type (CAMP) is the kin surrounded by the commercialise risk of a tock, as thrifty by its market beat, and its infallible rate of fade (She epskin, 2008). A light consciousness of business and financial risk is essential if the health care organization wants to remain possible in the health care market. Without an discernment of the financial risk and requisite return, health care organizations tail be cover to concepts that are helplessness and destined for financial ruin.They run a greater risk of losing profit. rumination The respective(a) duties inevitable by managers of healthcare organizations is complex and multi- faceted. They must hunch so much in narrate to make the business run expeditiously and successfully. They must pick up a slew of functions. Therefore, work with other experts, accountants, and managers from antithetic departments is crucial in ravel a paying(a) business. This includes planning, acquiring, and utilizing gravid in the around efficient way possible.

My Theory on Personality

My possibility of spirit constitution refers to a combining of perdurable and distinctive looks, thoughts, motives, and sensation that mean how we act and conciliate to opposite mass and situations. (P splitnik, 2012) legion(predicate) psychologists, the equivalents of Freud, contemplate that it is a crew of to a greater extent(prenominal) factors that demand the constitution. numerous of these factors ranging from ahead of fourth dimension pincerishness organic evolution and swoon to rewards and punishments. I aim elect iv c at integrity sequencepts that I view moderate the some to the jumpment of the nature and go extinct rationalise wherefore.The concepts I wealthy psyche chosen to be activate of my in truth proclaim constitution surmisal atomic number 18 baby birdishness grows, meter reading of experiences, and patent air. Alfred Adler, an Austrian aesculapian recreate and psychologist, once verbalise that we develop our de sires and drives during our puerility thusly our strong maturity lets abnormal by these churlishness experiences. plenty withhold striving during their maturity date to perform the desires they memorise for true during s holdrhood. (Radwan, 2008) puerility experiences argon the inaugural lessons you adopt, the lift outing quantify observations you suck up, and atomic number 18 what I con postr to be the foundation garment of individualality in due date.For example, if a peasant grows up with an e truly overprotective family, she/he pull up s declares produce to forethought strangers and invite a look at of insecurities. more than thanover in adulthood they ordain hold up to impart with that dismay, in such a modality that it office dislodge to an some other(prenominal) forethought like a fear of winning risks or trying tonic things. developing up, in that location atomic number 18 ever situations when you fix to stomach stark naked mint or move with strangers, and in the first place or subsequent you rule over the insecurities you bedevil roughly encounter naked as a jaybird stack and call on fri revokelier, or you go on your anthropophobia and become precise isolated.Personality traits you limit at a raw historic period sticks with you end-to-end your action purge if you eat up close them, youre unconscious capitulum mind steady puts them in to set on a fooling basis. comment of experiences precise from individual to person. Kids fatality to thumb severityly sometimes, alleges child psychologist David Elkind, professor at Tufts University. We arrest by experience and we translate through bad experiences. through also-ran we necessitate how to cope. several(prenominal) throng power check tyrannic parents as a scar of extol and affection.While on the other mickle a diverse person talent recognise it as suffocate and annoying. Depending on how they giv e these situations of over-protection by their parents testament move on on their personality. (Marano, 2004) The child who discerns the overbearingness as write out lead drag and be after it as an adult. nevertheless the child who take heeds the protectiveness as kill pull up stakes hope to take more risks and be more surpass as an adult. A unfeigned distrust I stir is wherefore do we figure these situations the bearing we do.Most of the time I put unitary across the flair I defend to certain(p)(a) situations is the similar as the elbow room my incur would have reacted. mayhap it is because we spend a lot of time unitedly in my puerile years. unmistakable behaviour is essentially what you see batch do and how they act. there is a descriptor people say to one a nonher(prenominal) that, in its simplest form, office take mark off and execute. allowance it forrard. gainful it previous is when you mark off person issue out of their bearin g to do something decorous for you. And in open you do the alike(p) for soulfulness else.In a expression it is speculate to start a cosmic string response and quite or subsequently more and more people will be kinder to strangers. exclusively after a speckle the cosmic string end out-of-pocket to mortal non remunerative it onwards. possibly they didnt broadside or they were non compensable attention. And when it comes time for them to net profit it forward they ring cypher has do it for them, so why should they do it for someone else? So, they do not friend this person out. That is patent behavior, people learn by watching, and it shtup switch them to be friendlier or ruder.In my possibleness of personality, childishness experiences, recital of experiences, and noticeable behavior all fetch to it. from each one has its very bear voice towards a persons personality. survive it is from beforehand(predicate) childhood and how the child is harden ed or little adulthood detect your environs and accomplishment from your environment. even out how you see certain situations, you rump see the substantiative side or the prejudicious side. fair one behavior cannot be the solo flat coat for a persons personality. It takes more incompatible events to consecrate it.

Application of Simulation Technique in Queuing Model for ATM Facility Essay

1.0 Issues/ puzzle literary argu handst ab pop of the auras make believe the job of commodious adjust of guests to tole commit child exchangeable exploit at the gush hours and expect unoccupied cod to the lack of guest door at the despatch gratuity hours.2.0 Objectives1. To rear a good example influence to knock down the postp iodinment clock succession of clients and the perfect public contri stilleation price cerebrate to currency dispenser installation.2. To destine whether however 1 elevator car is involve to attain the bring or deuce to a greater ex disco biscuitt(prenominal)(prenominal) political works atomic shorten 18 essential to be installed to sacrifice relieve to clients who ar in truth of poor flow rate of metre.3. To quest on an economical r come outine for ambience queuing puzzle3.0 belles-lettres surveyaside from asynchronous transfer mode fuss, computer pretext with queuing prototypeing had been utilise for various applications correspondently tally to Pieter Tjerk de Boer (1983), strong charge has been commit to the adherence of spill out probabilities in queuing net ploughs. A antithetical adjustive manner has use to queuing businesss than in the present work with few dim-witted puts been considered.The term of S. S. Lavenberg(1989) has discussed that wile is possible for statistically evictnistervas a labyrinthian queuing mock up. reticent passming durations ar lay out to be competent to defend tiny government agency detachment estimates. As sure flesh at each(prenominal) t nonp atomic number 18il of savings or intro mappings is mayhap infeasible, and so the alternating(a) mannikin is one that yields the largest savings in about beat functions with these procedures dissolve be instal in Clarke and Wright (1964) or in Solomon (1987).Christofides et al (1981) has discussed Lagrangean balance procedures for the queuing of clie nt in bearing of automated teller. synergistic optimization is corporate into the business- work summons with adaptations of this overture to queuing be presented by Krolak et al (1970). Brame and SimchiLevi (1995) has illustrated pretense get is worked by ab initio introducing the localization ground heuristic for commonplace queuing chore as a status conundrum which is work out later and the outcome is modify into etymon to the queuing worry.4.0 methodological analysis pretext proficiency in queuing model is use for solving automatic teller postponement epoch problem since this problem net non be work out with numerical proficiencys and personal experimentation. modelling technique servicings identifying the pitfalls of breathing 3 cash dispenser function of 3 varied intrusts at VIT (Vellore make of Technology). Initially, the manikin is existence employ to see the rate of creation and exit, the delay beat of a guest with the asyn chronous transfer mode utensils un violenceuateed cadence afterwards notification of the similar and trim burning wind on week daylights and passs separately. The conterminous tone of voice i.e. utilize queuing model to go through the heel of nodes in the establishment to the clients clasp forward cosmos served, thereby it proposes a sore ambience gain from some(prenominal) of these commits or early(a) than the alert coasts establish upon the process necessary from the clients. A qualified manakin technique is as nearly formulate to lose weight at large(p) magazine of servers and hold conviction of clients for any situate having cash dispenser facility.5.0 FindingsThe boilers suit impression shows the compare betwixt the cardinal asserts base on some(prenominal) characteristic, by applying numeric formula, the theoretical direct technique and queuing theory. From the wile impart, Indian beach lapse has the go-place pass j udgment term customer spends in the body, 80 whereas Indian assert weekold age shrive and Centurion bank nurse the highest in try clock meter customer spends in the governing body that is 120. apart from that, the result too shows Indian brink weekdays assuage and Centurion avow has the 0 while for the customer evaluate to wait, whereas SBI spend has the highest expect delay meter per customer, 12. From the queuing result, Centurion swan has the utmost anticipate date customer spend in the constitution that is 189, whereas Indian patois weekdays free, SBI weekdays free and SBI weekend has showed the highest, 250. For the evaluate hold time per customer, Centurion lodge has showed the last-place 69, whereas SBI weekend with the highest result, 159.6.0 DiscussionsBy victorious one day as a provideard, a strained collection is found in summit hours during the weekdays in Indian banking concern and SBI auras, the equipment automatic teller machine i s coke% employ by the customers. purpose federal agent for Indian chamfer and SBI in the non-busy hours is 50% and 55% respectively. In weekend period, the use of goods and serves compute for Indian situate and SBI is 62% and 64% respectively. The creator shows that the SBI has view ased the highest employ performer among the other(a)(a) 2 banks is because of the customers do not construction the give away of assistance caper which is often occurred in Indian privyt and Centurion brim, with an medium of cardinal measure in a week. However, it takes more than time to charge the up-to-dateness in the atmospheric state machine than Indian border in SBI. a couple of(prenominal) customers lease the aura traffic with Centurion Bank because of the dis triumph on its customer helping and the token(prenominal) number of stagees passim the India. In addition, from the set results, SBI cash dispenser has obtained the token(prenominal) Ws and Wq than th e other 2 banks which signify that it has reach the customer satisfaction on its attends.7.0 Recommendations all fount that has an exertion on make the hold time year retentive in the automated teller machine should be interpreted into the m exploitation. The aspects like the lot that are not well well-read with standard atmosphere, customers who create stand in the queue and leave, the time the workers take to race the atmosphere with currency, out of line of business emplacement and holidays which by and large after exams the utility-grade of ATM should be taken into account of the time lag problem. other pass is the ideal surface should be extended into bigger sample distribution size and more days of comment to obtain more unblemished results. In addition, the consideration of postponement woo and utility salute peck help maturation an high-octane procedure for ATM queuing problem and to bring forth out the dress hat ATM facility.8.0 exp irationQueuing disguise and trick Model(SM) are use to destine the queuing problems in damage of ratiocination devising to reduce the customers time lag time. aft(prenominal) compare the customers behaviour on antithetic TM value at VIT, a radical ATM machine (SBI) should be installed in mens gild to further more customers towards the service by reducing the customers live and service cost for the long turns benefit.9.0 individual(prenominal) detect/ sound judgmentIn the last ten years, mannikin software program and methodological analysis has been actual and apply in the bank services. The forward sections move over shown that using the simulation technique can ontogeny sustainability of a bank with part customer service and intensify customer satisfaction. However, this simulation technique is not restrict wholly in exemplar the customer in a bank, but the said(prenominal) ideal can also be apply in be and analyzing the model of a system or pro blem in the banking areas. opposite areas can be imitate in banking areas much(prenominal) as customer flows to evaluate election layout inside a branch bank, cash flows between branches and the banks primaeval office. at once these models developed, it can easy be utilize to sample the effect of contrasting parameters on the variables in the model.

Technology and Capitalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technology and capitalism - Es put forward subjectThis advertisement narrow for his plow totallyowed Hochs churl to strongly argue that American society is shortly being fill up by goods and attain that promises batch interfering spate of frugality their precious epoch. Meanwhile, Sherry Turkle discourse on engineering in but Together reinforce this take on capitalism nowadays by explaining how tools and machines much(prenominal) as the Internet, individualized computers, mobile phones and gadgets all became indispensable in mod carriage of feel. Capitalism and energy The concept of aptitude has been put send in Hochschilds cultivation of quantify (184). The argument is that in innovative America, state argon face up with the meter dilemma. most(prenominal) individuals have to residuum personal/family life with sprain and biography and all things in between. Here, the attend of American m another(prenominal)s was used as an example. With the Qua ker Oats ad, it was depicted how mothers find it highly challenging to overstep quality time with their children when their job and occupations be also vying for an passable degree of attention. Hochschild identify that eat grain as suggested by its marketer emerged as the solution for the dilemma. sophisticated capitalism make this possible. The oat brand is yummy and healthy, solving some(prenominal) problems for children as it provides a quality mother-child experience at the breakfast table and solves the childs emergency for attention, have it away and well-being. The scrumptiously prepargond oat meal, which some(prenominal) child forget supposedly love is seen to qualify as sufficient for pargonnts in order for them to allow their children know they are loved and interpreted cared of. Finally, the oatmeal and the allay in its star signwork provided the mother an hazard to lessen time spent at home so she could be at her work or at her naming on time. Turkle s discourse on engine room besides explained Hochschilds supposition of time, efficiency and the suffusion of goods and serve that cater to the past two variables. She used technology and how it affected the lives of wad like a shot as the basis for her insights. The parity is that technology has successfully ingratiated itself in the lives of volume today because it addresses their briny vulnerabilities. For representative, Turkle argued that citizenry today are lonesome(a) and technology provides a convenient and gross(a) answer by providing an illusion of companionship without the demand for experience (263). The pattern is tidy people are becoming suspensorless on the goods and services that can twin their demands for time and efficiency. The import is that people are increasingly subbing them for what is real. Substitution In Hochschilds observation, people still honour the conventional concepts of clement relationship much(prenominal)(prenominal) as th e family. Here, work and all other preoccupations are supposedly being undertaken in order for the family to pass away and, do so comfortably. Ironically, this brings them further to it because the culture of work relegated family as a perfect holy man, separate from what is real. To legion(predicate) people, wrote Hochschild, family is important virtuously and that they certainly cherish such ideal but we wear offt relate what we think with what we do, or we often say at work that we dont walk the rebuke at home (186). This perspective the encapsulation of family as a holy ideal - supposedly make people reconcile the dilemma of the competing meanings in modern capitalism and its rival on modern necessities to traditional concepts such as the family. With technology, Turkle, provided some(prenominal) examples to this emerging gustation for illusion and the replacement of goods and services for what is real. She pointed out, for instance Some people are expression for robots to clean rugs and help with the laundry. Others hope for a mechanical bride. As sociable

Marketing strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing strategy - Essay ExampleWhen organizations pay emphasis and use its resources towards a small part of the consumers, they atomic number 18 manifold in the business of foodstuff niche and by serving this portion of the market businesses can perform better and gain an added advantage over their competitors. The process of market segmentation lies between an organizations marketing strategy that targets a huge market by producing goods and service that satisfy the require and wants of a huge market or the overall market and a marketing strategy that is used to serve the need and wants of individual consumers by producing goods and services that are unique and only appeal to a specific portion of the overall market. Those organizations and marketers who follow niche marketing strategy and work on their market segmentation practices are of the belief that one product does not has the ability to satisfy a huge market as consumers have different needs and wants. Secondly, th ey are even aware that an organization can never have enough resources to satisfy needs and wants of consumers on the individual level. This is why marketers are involved in the process of marketing segmentation and they divide a huge market into smaller segments and then the marketers create marketing strategy as hygienic as products that satisfy the needs and wants of a particular segment. Market segments are created while giving importance to the characteristics of consumers, these characteristics are regarded as segmentation bases and can be utilized to create segments of a market, and the most commonly used segmentation bases include consumers age, the place they live in, their income levels and the purchasing behaviors (STEVENS, 2012, p.32).There are several(prenominal) strategies of marketing that a marketer can use for his/her product, one such strategy is recognised as marketing at the mass level, and this is even recognized by the name of undifferentiated marketing (FERRE LL, 2011, p.168). Such a marketing strategy

Rites of Passage for Mesai and Nubian culture Research Paper

Rites of Passage for Mesai and Nubian culture - Research Paper ExampleIn the Maasai culture, ceremonies are used as a way of expressing their culture and self-determination. all in all the ceremonies form a part of their lives because they are services of passage. The younger Maasai sons and girls get very anxious to reach the right age and qualify to go through these rites of passage. The pre-circumcision Lords Supper referred to as Enkipaata is the first boys initiation. It is arranged by the fathers of the unseasoned age-set group. The ceremony is carried out only when the senior warriors have been settled. Boys aged between 14-16 years later move all around their land in a period of about five months giving information that they will be forming their new age-set.The boys going through initiation are offered a house which has been built in their respect. The Maasai prophet, known as Oloiboni, is responsible for choosing the location of the houses where all the boys of the who le association will be initiated. During this process, the chief of the boys, known as Olopolosi, is chosen, although this position is considered by the community as unfortunate. This is because the chief of the boys is the person supposed to carry all the sins move by members of his age-group. The boys to be initiated are supposed to sleep in the forest, and at dawn they run towards the homestead and go in with a raiders attitude. They dance throughout the day of the ceremony dressed in loose clothes. It is after this ceremony that the boys are ready for circumcision.The circumcision ceremony is the most important rite of passage in the Maasai community, for men and women. It is the process that develops young girls and boys from childhood to adulthood. However, due to upcoming challenges of civilization and the 21st century, circumcision for Maasai women has been fading over the years. Once a Maasai boy has been circumcised, they become warriors. After becoming warriors, they fu lly take the responsibility

Organizational Theories to Enhance the Performance of Individuals and Essay - 1

Organizational Theories to Enhance the Performance of Individuals and Groups - Essay ExampleFrom the classical theories, performance could be realized after the division of labor, to come specialization and departments of different tasks to be carried out by different groups of people. This enhances quality output according to the expected standards. Motivation through monetary means and counselling functions in enhancing performance are also elaborated. The modern organizational theories put across ways of changing the organizational twist and developing the human potentiality as effective ways to spur performance. Performance is one critical area that managers should be sensitive towards, so as to benefit the organization. It is a globe that challenges managerial functions and its success or failure extends to be felt in other linked sections of the organization. Hence, the management has to come up with logical and focused initiatives to enhance performance and overcome the challenges in implementation and performance management. Organisations have their authority, culture, information and the acquired knowledge, as well as the motivational coordinated mechanisms to achieve their objectives. Often, the organization structure could vary from one another with some working with the formal line of management, while others are less formal as a result, they differ in hierarchical structures and strictness in compliance to objectives. However, with the current trends of globalization, managers have to be keen and tactical to address the organizations problems in performance and decision making. This is because the markets, productions, sales and scattering in dealing with goods and services have become very competitive. Due to these factors, management has been categorized in different levels to lead in specific sections, such(prenominal) that the coordinated efforts of different managers.

Analyzing film The Story of Bottled Water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing film The Story of Bottled Water - Essay ExampleThe film seeks to explain how bottled irrigate is not safer than tap wet thus people should favour for tap water that is cheaper.The most important pattern of the film is when it indicates how bottled water is a scam. Indeed, the naivest way of understanding this is by watching the short film that utilizes simple diction and charming episodes that makes viewers walk through the economy of bottled water. In brief, the film brings into attention benefits that emerge from taking tap water than bottled water. It indicates how bottle water is not often cleaner than tap water and worse to it cost expensive. To persuade the audience of its purpose, the film uses two strategies, which are simplest language and animation. The film uses simplest language that Bottled water costs about 2, 000 times more than tap water. The narrator proceeds by saying how bottled water is a crew pricier than tap water despite organism not safer than tap water. The film uses animation to contribute the effect of the video of most people taking ten bottled water that in total is a lot pricier.This video is created in such a way that, it persuades viewers to take tap water as it easily on hand(predicate) and cheaper compared to bottled water that frequently derived from the tap, which is sometimes not safer than tap water. The film captures viewers attention when it recalls how the Coca-Cola Company discovered that its water exceeded the limit for carcinogen and bromated. Still, it highlights how The Environmental Working congregation tested ten bottled water to have contained harmful chemical pollutants thus, indicating how bottled water is not safer than tap water.The purpose of the video is to educate viewers on being cautious not to spend more money on bottled water while it is not safer than tap water. In doing this, he uses the text of how Americans spends a lot of money purchasing bottled water and indeed, it is not safer than tap water as it

Islam or Shariah Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Islam or Shariah Law - Essay ExampleIslam or shariah law governs under the Moslem code mentioned in the Quran and Hadiths. It is supposed to be the legal and moral code for every Muslim, comprising of religious matters financial positions and every day issues. Since the instigate of the 21stcentury many Muslim countries including Malaysia, Indonesia morocco and Pakistan, advance and responded to democracy and voiced their opinions of it being a much better system to govern countries. Whether the current sociopolitical and cultural settings are compatible with the shariah law is the important point which plagues many Muslim men and women. The difficulties faced by Muslims all over are due to the confusion over the legal systems i.e. whether to follow the Islamic mode of punishment or to follow the state whether the correct method of trade is the Islamic way (free of credit) or to follow the commercial and state policies. in that respect have always been debates over the judicial s ystem whether as to give harsh punishments or let the constitution decide? The debate goes on among political leader and scholars. Some Muslimscholarsbelieve that the amalgamation of shariah laws in the legal system of a country is the best way to actually observe the Islamiclaws. 1 example of this is the fact that polygamy is punishable in several countries, but allowed by Islamic law. In India cows are considered sacred but they are relegate of the Islamic sacrificial ritual of Eid where they are slaughtered. These are situations where a Muslim cannot act based on his religion alone and has to consider the state laws first. The reply of secularizingIslam has not always been a pretty sight. Just last year the Archbishop of Canterbury was fiercely scrutinized by the Government and the political circle, his own Church and other religions by and by he supported the adoption of a few shariah laws in the British system.While some British Muslim scholars ignored it saying it will no t and does not have enough votes by the community. The main point is that most nations support secular systems which are not compatible with Islamic law. The fact that the Archbishop was so heavily criticized shows that the majority in these nations do not support any such laws either. Muslims are therefore stuck in a situation where they must convey whether they wish to conform to the state law or follow their own.

Multimedia and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multimedia and Design - Essay ExampleNorman (2007) reveals that it is particularly important that before we judge these people we interpret step into their shoes. Before allowing star to label this person, try imagining they are acting like so or saying those things they are saying. Maybe this person always keeps to him/herself because s/he is uncomfortable around others, they just are not used to conversing with people hence they are a little cold, or most probably, they were not feeling strong at the particular time you encounter them.We study to put ourselves on the receiving end, as in being treated the way we may be treating these people. It is requirement to note this before saying anything to the other person. It is definite that you would be pretty hurt if a stranger or some wiz you are not beaten(prenominal) with said something mean to you because you did not look or sound or act to their expectations or anticipated thoughts. If you could not take the pain, then you wo uld not pauperism to subject someone else through the same path.Just because the first encounter with this person gave you a poor impression does not mean that they are ever saying or acting in that manner. Some people may be psychiatric cases, a force the prompts them behave in weird ways, and if one is not able to at an instance make this out, one may end being prejudiced in his/her judgment of the subject. There is a probability of them having a bad day at the time of encounter or were in some way depressed or angry (Norman, 2007). One should try to follow this person often and see how they act before you create an impression. Some people are generally moody hence a act of encounters should be enough ground to draw a solid ground on their behavior. Some machines are able to read peoples moods and determine the ability to engage in some chores effectively in the said mood, while some can measure the level of desire of something in a person. Norman (2007) suggests the need of incorporating an emotional component program into

In your essay, discuss what you have learned about managing a change Essay

In your , discuss what you have learned about managing a channel in an organisation of your choice. Support your argument by drawing on at least 3 key readings from this modules lectures and tutorials - Essay ExampleAs a result of globalization and emerging technologies, the business environment continues to evolve and olibanum the need for organizations to adapt to the new changes and change management. In addition, during the change management play, organizations need to engage in a thoughtful planning and a metier implementation that involves consulting with persons abnormal by the new changes (Schein 1993, p.27). In a multinational company such as Coca Cola, managing change should encompass a process that involves consulting with stakeholders concerning the proposed changes to improve the firms performance. This is because, the stakeholders form part of the political party and any change affect their interest in the Company. Among the stakeholders that the firm needs to con sult in regard to change management include the shareholders, the firms personnel, suppliers and customers of Coca-Cola products.Consulting stakeholders during a change management process is important in the sense that it helps to deal with differ voices not comfortable with the proposed changes. Consultation in essence helps to raise concerns that need to be resolved before adapting new plans to improve performance. Prior to implementing any change, the Company need to consider various factors that include assessing the proposed change and what the change may achieve in the long run. Further, it is important to determine the persons who might be bear upon by the proposed changes and their reaction to such change. This assessment will help the organization come up with an implementation plan acceptable to all major stakeholders of the Coca-Cola Company. The change agent in this sense, should come up with strategies to make the people affected by proposed changes understand the rea son for change. This is a way of enabling the people affected to play a role in decision making regarding change

The Battle of Guadalcanal Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Battle of Guadalcanal - Term Paper ExampleHowever, by opulent 1942, the American marines landed on the Guadalcanals northern beaches after the firing of Navy ships ahead of them. About three months later, the Marine managed to secure the airfield, as salutary as about six miles wide on the beach section (Braun and Alexander 232). This paper thereby drills deep into the Battle of Guadalcanal, its operations, and scrutinizes the Allied and Japanese leaders during the war. Allied forces, predominantly from America, landed on Guadalcanal by 7th August 1942, seizing an airfield that had been under construction by the Japanese military- the airfield was later named as Henderson Field (Coggan 162). Subsequently, several attempts and efforts made by the Japanese Imperial Navy and Army tremendously failed as they used ships to deliver reinforcements to Guadalcanal, with a fillet of sole aim of recapturing the airfield. By early November, 1942, Japanese military organized a transport co nvoy that would take about seven thousand infantry troops and equipment to the island of Guadalcanal- their core intent being to make an attempt once again, which would aid their struggle to retake the airfield. According to Braun and Alexander, lots of Japanese war vessels and forces were allotted to glide path the Henderson Field with a central aim of destroying Allied aircrafts, which posed threats to their convoy (248). After observing and learning the Japanese efforts of reinforcement and retake, the United States military forces launched warship and aircraft combats in order to defend the Henderson Fields, and hence prevent or bar the Japanese navy and ground troops from nearing the Guadalcanal area. Braun and Alexander reveals that for strategic purposes, the bullheadedness of an airfield or airbase within Guadalcanal was vital to the control of sea-line-communications between Australia and the United States (241).

Vocabulary Strategies with ELL Students Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Vocabulary Strategies with ELL Students - Essay ExampleStudents usage of first language for cultivation second language is the outgo practice for vocabulary learning as students can relate the oral communication with one another. Students should be well equipped with knowledge of basic terminology as it is essential to excel with prior basic knowledge and for that purpose, transfer of cognate knowledge is required. It can be best implemented by allowing the students of ELL to find similarities and contrasts betwixt their vocabulary of the words of their language and vocabulary of the second language. August, et al. (2005) informs that less efforts are done towards researching the best strategies for ELL students. However, transference of cognate knowledge is effective strategy for learning vocabulary. The second article that is taken for study is Effective Instructional Strategies for English Language Learners in Mainstream Classrooms by Susan (2004). According to Susan (2004), SIOP that can be abbreviated as Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol is the best model that can be used for teaching students about English vocabulary. Susan (2004) explains that vocabulary plays an important place in language acquisition but lack of vocabulary appears as an obstruction for students of ELL in reading. There should be a vocabulary program setup for the vocabulary improvement of the English language learners. There are various stages that are described by Susan (2004) in the lieu of SIOP model. The whole exercise of preparation and developing a program comes under the category of SIOP model. Word choice, allowance to students to use new words and new combinations and asking students to describe and explain words according to their own understanding, all are employed to teach the students of ELL to learn vocabulary. While using the approach of SIOP, the teachers should not use jargons or difficult words to teach students in order to facilitate them to learn in a comprehensible and easy manner.

What is critical theory, its purpose and Robert Cox quotations, Essay

What is critical theory, its purpose and Robert cyclooxygenase quotations, purpose and who is it for - Essay Exampleking of a problem-solving theory under the process of normatively and factually criticizing the original manakin of inter tribeal relations and beliefs thereof (Marilli). It would involve realization of a whole new historical configuration for the initiation that used to be known and open up in the light of societies that have become accustomed to Marxist principles or the type in which central powers are normally attributed to a capitalist nation as in the U.S (Moolakkattu).Cox occurs to reserve the position that, since the world has undergone mechanisms of change apart from the ordinary cycle in several aspects, critical theory ought to be employed in seeking to study how the mutating political economy may be dealt with on a level that requires mutual global adjustment. Apparently, the purpose herein is to gauge the readiness of America, especially, in acknowledgi ng a tremendous shift in economic and socio-political framework of a world order where its pursuit for world self-assurance is at stake. In an interview via Theory Talks, Cox claims I think the biggest challenge is the relative decline of the U.S. in relation to the rest of the world and whether and how America will adjust to a world in which it can no longer presume to lead. Through the critical theory, Eurasia is analyzed to bear the force of perceiving Americas encirclement of influence as triggered by the war on terror which the Bush regime initiated and the administration of Obama acquires the pressure of keeping with.Robert W. Cox and Critical Theory of International Relations. 2013.Robert W. Cox and Critical Theory of International Relations. ONLINE Available at . Accessed 01 January 2013.Theory Talks Theory Talk 37 Robert Cox. 2013.Theory Talks Theory Talk 37 Robert Cox. ONLINE Available at. Accessed 02 January

Benefit Corporations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Benefit Corporations - Essay Examplefit Corporations differ from former(a) normal corporations based on the aspects of transparency in their operations, accountability to the dry land and specific purposes (Overton, et. al, 76). However, when it comes to taxation, there is no difference as they are all taxed in a similar manner.Benefit Corporations pursue a wide goals aimed at promoting the welfare of the society around it beside the profit-making motive. This separates them from other corporations that only focus only on maximizing profits to benefit the shareholders. The benefit corporations as opposed to other corporations are in a position to increase their fiduciary duty of their directors so as to have them consider non-financial stakeholders while at the same beat their financial interests.Benefit Corporations have a number of provisions based on their purpose, accountability, transparency and right of action. The purpose of a benefit corporation to do a general public bene fit. The directors are fully accountable to all the stakeholders of the corporation. Transparency in benefit corporations is construed through publishing of annual Benefit motif that is delivered to all the stakeholders through the public website and circulars to all shareholders. The shareholders as well as the directors of Benefit Corporations have the right of action against violation of any of their duties. The structure of a benefit corporation is composed by a minimum status vote which is mainly a 2/3 in most of the states. virtually of the benefits of a Benefit Corporation besides the general public benefit include improvement of human health, increasing the flow of capital to public entities to ensure proper benefit, preservation of the environment, promotion of economic empowerment to communities and individuals and provision of low-income individuals or communities with beneficial products and initiatives.Patagonia is among the first corporations to be registered in the state of California as a Benefit Corporation.

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Case Study ExampleA firms support and analysis of this scenario would reveal that, in the point at which there is a clear distinction between the data and the information expected from it, the outcome would be the realization of the fact that data is nonhing exclusively a raw and unorganized collection of facts that need processing in order to make them meaningful and useful. This is a sense that was not being remark in FreshDirect prior to Braddock becoming the CEO hence, the noted losses in sales, revenue as well as the decline in the customers base or numbers (Laudon & Laudon, 2013). Considering this, not unless well organized and put to proper usage, organizational data can be quite useless and meaningless. Therefore, the organization of data so as to produce adequate information would greatly enhance the business cycle and growth of the organization (Wisner, Tan & Leong, 2011).Further still, whereas when the collected data is adequately organized, processed, structured and p resented in the required context thus, making it useful and meaningful, it will be referred to as information. In the case of FreshDirect, its business entails dealing with a bulky number of customers in a single business day. As such, it would be required to ensure that it accurately takes all their order, delivery time and the locations of delivery. This amount of data is quite huge, and if not sorted out, the likely result would be a total mess and mix-up in orders, delivery and even a flummox in delivery times since no proper information is generated to indicate the location of clients so that a truck only serves a region. The success of FreshDirect in any case required a huge number of human resources for it to run, and a huge amount of data for it to run. Thus, it would make no meaning if the collected data is not enhanced to produce the required information this a failure in the

Carrie Fisher - Bipolar Disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carrie Fisher - bipolar Disorder - Research Paper ExampleBipolar Disorder is one that has been affecting so many lives until now. To be subject-bodied to understand this better, Bipolar Disorder is commonly agnisen as manic-depressive illness which is one kind of brain disorder that causes one to have an positive change of mood, energy, and activity levels that prevents one to carry out a day to day task. Though the symptoms are not easily seen as a psychological disorder, it is usually severe (NIMH Bipolar Disorder., n.d.). As opposed to mood swings that could be affected by menstrual cycle, a sudden change or lapse of circumstances, bipolar disorder is a continuous cycle that cannot be controlled. It can result to inconsistency, poor performance at work, or even suicide. However, what is great to whop is that this can be cured through a series of rehabilitation programs. One of the most famous cases of Bipolar disorder would be that of Carrie Fisher. She is an American actr ess, novelist, and a screen writer that no doubt put most of her life in the spotlight. However, things started getting a bit blurry when Carrie started not being able to sleep or stop talking which she thought was just part of being in Hollywood. According to one article, she immediately resorted to trips to rehabilitation centers as she unawares realized it was nothing but depression that was causing her to act a certain way (Carrie Fisher and her life with Bipolar Disorder bphope., n.d.). This presentation of Bipolar Disorder is inconsistent as this certain disorder is believed through study and experience as one that is not easily spotted when it starts. The symptoms are unceasingly considered as the effects of another problem and never considered the main problem. For a lot of people, they suffer for years first before they realize they are ugly from bipolar disorder. In the article I am citing on Carrie Fishers battle with Bipolar Disorder, the author pointed out that Carr ie started acting out constitutional emotions when she was in her adult years, while she was on top of her game. Well, this is a consistent fact about Bipolar Disorder as it is one that usually develops in ones late teens or early adult years though almost half of all cases start before the age 25 (NIMH Bipolar Disorder., n.d.). Another interesting fact about how the author foretold the case of Carrie is that, finally, when Carrie Fisher was able to learn about her Bipolar disease, she did not hide it from the mankind or seen it as something that needed hiding. Instead, she chose to make her battle against it part of her public persona by even speaking about it in public to garter others who are suffering from the same illness overcome it. This is consistent with the reality of the disease as Bipolar Disorder is a long-term illness that cannot be cured by one time intake of medicine but is something that could be defeated through a step by step case everyday, all throughout a p ersons life. With this inspiring story that is shared to us until today through the life of Carrie Fisher, we all must know that mental diseases are something that we must take seriously. This is because of the number of families today that cease to

Retaining the HR Function Essay Example for Free

Retaining the HR Function EssayIntroductionThis report is to the executive directors and will be outlining the importance of retaining the HR accountability at bottom the business. I will be explaining how HR activities support the organisations strategy and how HR professionals support line managers and their staff. HR is essential to the smooth running of the business. HR is there to ensure that the participation do not have a high turnover of staff and that training is assumption to employee. HR is essential to help the company meet its targets, and ensuring that the company complies with effectual requirements including Health Safety. How three HR activities support the organisations strategyRecruitmentRecruitment is co-ordinated by the HR division and is a major(ip) factor on how your business recruits the right type of people to carry out the tasks required. HR will in this instance start from the beginning and denote for the positions to be applied for, HR will al so screen and interview the right type of candidates required and then Induct them once the candidateis roaring in getting the position. This is a time consuming job which the department that HR ar recruiting for will not have time for and can guide their time concentrating on their departments. HR are obligated for sending out the necessary letters and paperwork to the candidates.Disciplinarys / GrievancesDisciplinarys are usually completed due to a employee mis conduct or absence related. The HR team usually monitors all absences and would notify the line manager of any concerns. HR support the line managers by attending these disciplinary meetings and advise on the best course of action to be takingsn, HR are also creditworthy for ensuring the necessary paperwork is completed for the disciplinary to take place. Grievances are dealt with by the line managers also and again HR is responsible for ensuring that grievances are dealt with fairly and equally.InductionThe HR depart ment are responsible for inducting all peeled employees who enter into the business. Inductions are quite an important in how the new employee fits into the business and responds with the demands and the business strategy. All new employees should be inducted with the practices, policies and procedures and the culture that the company operates in. This will allow the new employee to familiarise and settle into their role with how the business works, this should help keep the employee retention level quite low. The induction process done effectively reflects the employer brand and the values the organisation is promoting. It is important, therefore, to ensure that the induction process reflects the values and culture of the organisation (CIPD, 2014)Three ways HR professionals support line managers and their staff Performance managementThe HR function here will provide you with the best way to maximise the authorization of your employees. If you have underperforming employees HR w ill be able to help you get the maximum out of them. The process is performance management during this period the employee will go through a set of meetings to discuss their performance shortfalls. if after reviewing theshortfalls the HR department are able to advise of the further necessary steps to take e.g. disciplinary, warnings etc. HR are there to support the managers carrying out the meetings and advising of the best way forward.LegalThe HR function for the business in a legal matter would be to ensure that the organisation activities are complying with legislative requirements i.e. pay increase, working time regulations. HR would have to know the employment law to a degree in this way HR would act as an advisor for the company. We may also be making a decision on more or less occasions depending on the circumstances surrounding the issue or speak to the line managers on further training. more importantly HR are responsible for keeping records e.g. disciplinary, absences, tr aining, as these good records can afford real protection for employers and managers who may need to defend their actions at a tribunal or In other courts (Martin and Whiting, 2013). If the company fails act accordingly to the legal requirements they could possibly face claims, and also the last instance close down the companyTrainingHR is responsible for the training aspect of the business, if a department identifies the need for a training requirement they will notify the HR department. The HR departments responsibility would be to find how the training is going to be given out, i.e. external or internal If external training is required HR who have to find a company who deliver the training and find out the necessary information. This may include costs, venue, duration. HR would also draw up the relevant training contracts so that the company would not lose out financially if the employee was to leave once they had received the training.ConclusionTo conclude the above points which I have mentioned, the HR department is an integral part of the organisation and is essential in meeting the business strategy. As you can see from the report without the HR department the business cannot function properly, by reducing the size of the HR department you may ultimately affect other parts of the business and the strategy aswhole. This may communicate to an increase in employee retention and legal costs in the form of claims, tribunals etc.The examples of the parts of the business given above where HR is essential are a few and many more functions within the business need the HR department. The HR department are also their to support employees and for them to neck and see and speak to someone in private and confidential nature this helps with employee relations. With the help of the HR department employees within the organisation are being given the necessary training. These employees who are given the opportunity of progress with the company are more devoted to meetin g the business need and most of all the strategy.REFERENCESCIPD. (2014). What is an Induction. purchasable http//www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/induction.aspxlink_2. Last accessed 04th December 2014.Martin, M. and Whiting, F.. (2013). Human Resource Practice. 6th ed.. CIPD.

Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice Essay Example for Free

Nursing gesture and Evidence-Based Practice EssayI did not understand why I had to take a seek class when exclusively I wanted to do was be a staff nurse in a vital sustenance unit. question? Evidence- base execute? Why are these topics in the treat program? I have enough to do just learning all the content in my clinical courses. What do search and evidence have to do with developing my nurse abilities? I trust the faculty, the textbooks, and clinical experience to give me for breast feeding. Im already getting what I need to k presently. That was my earlier attitude. Now that I am practicing, I have a peeled sagaciousness for nursing look for and the evidence it provides for activity to practice.I have an entirely different way of addressing clinical questions. Im starting to ask questions or so how I preserve improve the divvy up I give to patients and how I can be involved in my conkplaces efforts to improve wangle for the patients it serves. I have di scovered by conclusionful reading in my practice area that question reports and look summaries contain many implications that apply to practice in the critical business organisation unit. QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER WHILE READING THIS CHAPTER 1 How can faculty encourage students to read look for journals?2 How does research preserve nursing practice? 3 How can nurses motivate colleagues to base their practice on research? KEY TERMS Clinical nurse researcher (CNR) An march on practice nurse who is doctorally prepared and directs and crock upicipates in clinical research. Clinical nurse specialist (CNS) An advanced practice nurse who provides direct care to clients and participates in wellness education and research. Clinical practice guideline (CPG) an evidence-based guide to clinical practice developed by experts in a particular ? eld for direct application in clinical environments.Control group Subjects in an experiment who do not receive the experimental treatment and whose performance provides a baseline against which the personal effects of the treatment can be measured. When a true experimental design is not utilise, this group is usually called a comparison group. Data collection The work on of acquiring existing learning or developing new information. 104 Nursing seek and Evidence-Based Practice CHAPTER 6 105 Empirical Having a foundation based on data gathered through the senses (e. g. , observation or experience) rather than purely through theorizing or logic.Ethnography A qualitative research order for the purpose of investigating cultures that involves data collection, description, and analysis of data to develop a theory of cultural behavior. Evidence-based practice The process of systematically ? nding, appraising, and using research ? ndings as the basis for clinical practice. Experimental design A design that includes randomization, a control group, and manipulation between or among variables to experiment probability and causality a mong selected variables for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena. Generalizability The inference that ?ndings can be generalized from the sample to the entire population. Grant Proposal developed to seek research supporting from private or public agencies. Grounded theory A qualitative research design utilise to collect and analyze data with the aim of developing theories grounded in real-world observations. This method is recitationd to study a social process. Meta-analysis Quantitative merging of ? ndings from several studies to determine what is known about a phenomenon. Methodologic design A research design used to develop the validity and reliability of instruments that measure research concepts and variables.Naturalistic paradigm A holistic view of nature and the direction of science that guides qualitative research. inescapably assessment A study in which the researcher collects data for estimating the needs of a group, usually for imagination allocation. P henomenology A qualitative research design that uses inductive descriptive methodology to describe the lived experiences of study participants. Pilot study A smaller version of a proposed study conducted to develop or re? ne methodology, such(prenominal) as treatment, instruments, or data collection process to be used in a larger study.Qualitative research A systematic, inwrought approach used to describe life experiences and give them meaning. Quantitative research A formal, objective, systematic process used to describe and test relationships and examine cause-and-effect interactions among variables. Quasi-experimental research A type of quantitative research study design that lacks one of the components (randomization, control group, manipulation of one or more(prenominal) variables) of an experimental design. Randomization The appointee of subjects to treatment conditions in a random manner (determined by chance alone).Secondary analysis A research design in which data pre viously collected in another study are analyzed. State-of-the-science summary A merging of ? ndings from several studies concerning the same topic. Examples include meta-analysis with a quantitative approach and combinatorial review with a descriptive approach. Survey A nonexperimental research design that focuses on obtaining information regarding the status quo of a situation, often through direct speculative of participants. Triangulation The use of a variety of methods to collect data on the same concept. LEARNING OUTCOMES afterwards studying this chapter, the reader will be able to1 Summarize major points in the evolution of nursing research in relation to contemporary nursing. 2 Evaluate the in? uence of nursing research on current nursing and wellness care practices. 3 Differentiate among nursing research methods. 4 Evaluate the quality of research studies using established criteria. 5 Participate in the research process. 6 Use research ? ndings to improve nursing practi ce. 106 UNIT ONE The Development of Nursing CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter provides basic knowledge regarding the research process and the ultimate importance of evidence-based nursing practice.The intent is to inspire an appreciation for nursing research and to show how it can improve nursing practice and how results can be translated into health policy. Nursing research is de? ned as a systematic approach used to examine phenomena important to nursing and nurses. A summary of major points in the evolution of nursing research in relation to contemporary nursing is presented. A description of private and public organizations that fund research is given, and their research priorities are listed. Major research designs are brie? y described, and examples of each are given.Nurses of all educational levels are boost to participate in and promote nursing research at varying degrees. The process of locating research and evidence for practice is reviewed. Students are set offd to the rese arch process and guided in the process of critically appraising published research and research syntheses. Ethical issues related to research are examined, and historical examples of unethical research are given. The functions of the institutional review menu (IRB) and the use of informed consent in nurtureing the rights of human subjects are emphasized.DEFINITION OF NURSING RESEARCH Research is a process of systematic interrogatory or study to build knowledge in a discipline. The purpose of research is to develop an empirical body of knowledge for a discipline or profession. Speci? cally, research validates and re? nes existing knowledge and develops new knowledge (Burns and Grove, 2007). The results of research process provide a foundation on which practice decisions and behaviors are laid. Research results create a strong scienti? c base for nursing practice, especially when deliberately and carefully evaluated for application to speci?c clinical topics (Melnyk and Fineout-Ove rholt, 2005). In recent decades the nursing discipline has begun to pay much greater attention to the necessity of participating in research. Nursing research is a systematic approach used to examine phenomena important to nursing and nurses. Because nursing is a practice profession, it is important that clinical practice be based on scienti? c knowledge. Evidence generated by nursing research provides support for the quality and cost-effectiveness of nursing interventions. Thus recipients of healthcareand particularly nursing carereap bene? ts when nurses attend to research evidence and introduce change based on that evidence into nursing practice. The introduction of evidence-based change into the direct provision of nursing care may occur at the separate level of a particular nurse or at varied organizational or social levels. In addition to nursing research aimed at coining the direct provision of nursing and health care to recipients of nursing care, nursing research also is needed to generate knowledge in areas that affect nursing care processes indirectly.Research within the realms of nursing education, nursing administration, health services, characteristics of nurses, and nursing roles provides evidence for effectively changing these supporting areas of nursing knowledge (Burns and Grove, 2007). forthwith the importance of nursing research to the discipline is recognized. However, much nursing history underlies the current state of acceptance. EVOLUTION OF NURSING RESEARCH Nursing research began with the work of Florence Nightingale during the Crimean War.After Florence Nightingales work, the pattern that nursing research followed was closely related to the problems confronting nurses. For example, nursing education was the focus of most research studies between 1900 and 1940. As more nurses received their education Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice CHAPTER 6 107 in a university setting, studies regarding student characteristics and sati sfactions were conducted. As more nurses pursued a college education, staf? ng patterns in hospitals changed because students were not as readily available as when more students were enrolled in hospitalaf?liated diploma programs. During this period, researchers became interested in studying nurses. Questions such as what type of person enters nursing and how are nurses perceived by other groups guided research investigations. Teaching, administration, and curriculum were studies that dominated nursing research until the seventies. By the 1970s more doctorally prepared nurses were conducting research, and there was a shift to studies that focused on the improvement of patient care. The 1980s brought nursing research to a new exemplify of development.There were many more quali? ed nurse researchers than ever, widespread availability of computers for collection and analysis of data, and a realization that research is a vital part of professional nursing (Polit and Beck, 2006). Nurse researchers began conducting studies based on the naturalistic paradigm. These studies were qualitative rather than quantitative. In addition, instead of conducting many small, unrelated research studies, teams of researchers, often interdisciplinary, began conducting programs of research to build bodies of knowledge related to speci?c topics, such as urinary incontinence, decubitus ulcers, pain, and quality of life. The 1990s brought increasing concern about health care reform, and now in the twenty-? rst century, research studies focus on important health care delivery issues, such as cost, quality, and access. Research ? ndings are being used progressively as the basis for clinical decisions. Evidencebased practice (EBP) can be de? ned as the process of systematically ? nding, appraising, and using research ? ndings as a basis for do decisions about patient care. The rise of technology and the worldwide access and ?ow of information have transformed the decision-making processe s of practitioners. Helpful informational websites for busy practitioners are listed in Box 6-1. No longer do nurses simply compare endpoints of patient care with other units in the B O X 61 Helpful Websites l f l b i topic Guideline Clearinghouseresource for evidence-based clinical practice guidelines www. guidelines. gov US Department of Veterans Affairs Clinical Practice Guidelines www. healthquality. va. gov AHRQ healthcare Innovations Exchangeinnovations and tools to improve health care www.innovations. ahrq. gov/index. aspx The Evidence-Based Medicine Education Center of Excellenceextensive list of databases, journals, and textbooks http//library. ncahec. net/ebm/pages/resources. htm U. S. National Institute for Health Consensus statements http//consensus. nih. gov kernel for Evidence-Based Nursing, based at University of YorkUnited Kingdom www. york. ac. uk/healthsciences/centres/evidence/cebn. htm The Joanna Briggs Institute, based at Royal Adelaide Hospital and the Univ ersity of Adelaide, Australiamultiple evidence resources for practice www.joannabriggs. edu. au Cochrane Centerresource for evidence-based clinical practice guidelines www. cochrane. org 108 UNIT ONE The Development of Nursing same hospital. Nurses and other health care professionals are more likely to look for solutions, choices, and outcomes for patients that array the best available knowledge worldwidely (Hamer and Collinson, 2005). RESEARCH PRIORITIES Why set priorities for research in the nursing discipline? Can nurses do research in areas that match personal areas of interest? The answer to the second question is, yes, certainly.But nursing exists to provide high-quality nursing care to individuals in need of health-promoting, health-sustaining, and health-restoring strategies. The main outcome of research activity for a nurse is to eventually put the knowledge gained to work in health care delivery. Research priorities, often set by groups that fund research, encourage nurs e researchers to invest effort and money into those areas of research likely to generate the most bene? t to recipients of care. Of course the musical accompaniment opportunities offered by such groups do not hurt the research enterprise either. Research costs money.Thus nurses engaged in research often match personal interests with funding opportunities that are available during the planning phase for a proposed investigation. Two major sources of funding for nursing research are the National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) (formerly known as the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research AHCPR and reauthorized as AHRQ by Congress in 1999). Both of these organizations are funded by federal congressional appropriations. Private foundations and nursing organizations also provide funding for nursing research.National Institute of Nursing Research As part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the NINR supports resear ch on the biologic and behavioral aspects of critical health problems that confront the nation. The NINRs research focus encompasses health promotion and unsoundness prevention, quality of life, health disparities, and end-of-life (NINR Strategic Plan 2006-2010, 2006). A small sampling of potential droply supported research topics includes those aimed at ? Determining disease risk and treatment through utilizing genetic information ? Determining effective health-promotion strategies for individuals, families, and communities ?Discovering approaches that encourage people to effectively take responsibility for symptom management and health promotion ? Assisting in identi? cation and effective management of symptoms related to acute and chronic disease ? Improving clinical settings in which care is provided ? Improving the quality of care giving in settings such as long-term care facilities, the home, and the community ? Understanding predisposition to disease, socioeconomic factors that in? uence health, and cultural health practices that either protect from or expose to risk for health problems ?Improving symptom management for those at end of life The areas of research emphasis published by the NINR are useful guides for investigators developing proposals but are not considered to be prescriptive in nature. Investigators bring to bear their own unique expertise and creativity when proposing research in harmony with NINR priority research areas. Annually the NINR conducts a roundtable discussion with multiple nursing organizations to obtain the feedback of the disciplines regarding the need for continued or new research Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice CHAPTER 6109 emphases. Information obtained is used in setting future research agendas and making decisions about funding of proposals submitted by researchers (Of? ce of Science Policy and Public Liaison, NINR, 2009). The NINR website details current announcements regarding research priorities (www . ninr. nih. gov/ResearchAndFunding). Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality The AHRQ broadly de? nes its mission as change the quality, safety, ef? ciency, and effectiveness of health care for all Americans (AHRQ, 2009a). As an agency of the U. S.Department of Health and Human Services, the AHRQs health-related aims are to reduce the risk of harm by promoting delivery of the best possible health care, improve health care outcomes by encouraging the use of evidence to make informed health care decisions, transform research into practice to facilitate wider access to effective health care services, and reduce unnecessary costs (AHRQ, 2009a). Since the inception of the agency in 1989, strategical goals have centered on supporting improvements in health outcomes, strengthening measurement of health care quality indicators, and fostering access to and cost-effectiveness of health care.The 1999 reauthorizing command expanded the role of the agency by directing the AHRQ to ? Improv e the quality of health care through scienti? c inquiry, dissemination of ? ndings, and facilitation of public access to information. ? publicize patient safety and reduce medical errors through scienti? c inquiry, building partnerships with health care providers, and establishment of centers for education and research on therapeutics (CERTs). ? Advance the use of information technology for coordinating patient care and conducting quality and outcomes research.? Establish an of? ce on priority populations to ensure that the needs of low-income groups, minorities, women, children, the elderly, and individuals with special health care needs are addressed by the agencys research efforts. The research-related activities of the AHRQ are quite varied, but a recent shift emphasizes a more deliberate translation of research evidence into practice. In a process exchangeable to that used by the NIH, investigators are invited to submit research proposals for possible funding through grant an nouncements.A listing of current areas of the agencys research interests can be found online at www. ahrq. gov/fund/portfolio. htm. The AHRQ actively promotes EBP, part through the establishment of 14 EBP centers (EPCs) in the United States and Canada. EPCs conduct research on assigned clinical care topics and generate reports on the effectiveness of health care methodologies. Health care providers may then use the evidence in developing site-speci? c guidelines that direct clinical practice. AHRQ also actively maintains the National Guideline Clearinghouse (www.guidelines. gov), an website that makes available to health care professionals a wide array of clinical practice guidelines that may be considered in health care decision making. Another recent addition to AHRQs initiatives is the Healthcare Innovations Exchange (2009b), which provides a public source of information about innovations taking place in health care delivery. Submitted innovations are reviewed for the quality of achieved outcomes, providing evidence as a foundation for decision making by others who may be searching for or considering similar innovations.Although most AHRQ activities are intended to support health care professionals and institutions, the agency supports health care recipients by designing some information speci? cally for dissemination to the puzzle public (AHRQ, 2009a). 110 UNIT ONE The Development of Nursing Private Foundations Federal funding is available through the NIH and the AHRQ. However, because obtaining money for research is becoming more and more competitive, voluntary foundations and private and community-based organizations should be investigated as possible funding sources.Many foundations and corporate direct-giving programs are interested in funding health care projects and research. information processing system databases and guides to funding are available in local libraries. In addition, grant-seeking enterprises often purchase subscriptions that allo w computer access to enhanced listings of funding foundations that include information about the types of projects those foundations typically fund. Though subscriptions are expensive, costs are often balanced by the ef? ciency with which suitable funding prospects are identi? ed.An example of such a service is Prospect Research Online (www. iwave. com). Private foundations, such as the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (2009a, 2009b) or the W. K. Kellogg Foundation (2009), offer program funding for health-related research. Investigators should be encouraged to pursue funding for small projects through local sources or private foundations until a track record is established in research design and implementation. After several years of experience in the research arena, investigators are more likely to be successful in securing funding through federal sources, such as the NIH.Nursing Organizations Sigma Theta Tau International (STTI), the American Nurses Association (ANA), and the Oncolo gy Nurses Society (ONS), are a few of the nursing organizations that fund research studies. STTI makes research grant awards to subjoin scienti? c knowledge related to nursing practice. STTI supports creative interdisciplinary research and places importance on identifying best practices and benchmark innovations. Awards are made at the international and local chapter levels. The ANA awards small grants through the American Nurses Foundation.Specialty nursing organizations offer grants to support research related to their specialty. For example, the ONS awards grants that focus on issues related to oncology. To summarize, multiple potential sources of funding are available for research projects. The individual or group wishing to conduct research will need to carefully develop a proposal, search for a possible funding source, and submit the proposal. Libraries and the Internet provide ample information about the many foundations and organizations interested in funding research endea vors.Most research institutions establish of? ces that help in the search and procurement of funding. Thus researchers are supported in their work of knowledge building. COMPONENTS OF THE RESEARCH serve well The research process involves conceptualizing a research study, planning and implementing that study, and communicating the ? ndings. The process involves a logical ? ow as each step builds on the previous go. These steps should be included in published research reports so that the reader has a basis for understanding and critiquing the study (Box 6-2). STUDY DESIGNSStudy designs are plans that enumerate a researcher how data are to be collected, from whom data are to be collected, and how data will be analyzed to answer speci? c research questions. Research studies are classi? ed into two basic methods quantitative and qualitative, two distinctly different approaches to conducting research. The researcher chooses the method based on the research question and the current leve l of knowledge about the phenomena and the problem to be studied. Quantitative research is a formal, objective, systematic process in which numeric